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ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic drug canagliflozin （CGLZ） on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome （NS） in rats， and the evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） combined with color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） during the treatment. MethodsA total of 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （NG）， model group （MG）， prednisone （PAT） group （PG）， low-dose single CGLZ group （LSCG）， high-dose single CGLZ group （HSCG）， low-dose CGLZ + PAT group （LUCG） and high-dose CGLZ + PAT group （HUCG）， with 8 rats in each group. The NS model in rats was induced by injecting adriamycin twice into the tail vein， and then the NS rats were treated by intragastric administration daily for 6 weeks with reference of PAT. Twenty-four hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP） was assessed one day before the start of oral administration and at the end of 2， 4 and 6 weeks after oral administration， respectively. CDFI and CEUS were performed on the right renal artery at the end of 6 weeks after oral administration， and the blood of abdominal aorta was taken for serological test the next day. ResultsCompared with those detection index of NG rats， the 24-hour UTP of MG rats increased （P＜0.01）， the serum ALB decreased and TG， TC， LDL increased （P＜0.01）， and CDFI shows that RRCT was thinner （P＜0.01） and the renal artery blood flow indicators RA-PI， RA-RI， RA-S/D all increased （P＜0.05）， and CEUS image shows that the TIC curve parameters TTP， AT， AUC all increased and DPI decrease in MG rats （P＜0.01）. After drug treatment， compared with those detection index of MG rats， 24 h-UTP decrease in LSCG after 2 weeks （P＜0.01）， and decrease significantly in all drug groups after 6 weeks （P＜0.01）； the serological test results show that the serum ALB in all CGLZ groups increased （P＜0.05）， TG decrease in LSCG （P＜0.01）， TC and LDL also decrease in LUCG after 6 weeks （P＜0.05）； CDFI shows that the RRCT thinning degree in all CGLZ is reduced （P＜0.01）， and the RA-PI in LSCG， RA-RI in PG， and RA-S/D in PG， LSCG， HSCG and LUCG rats all decreased （P＜0.05）； CEUS shows that the TTP， AT and AUC of renal TIC curve in drug treatment groups all decreased （P＜0.01）， and the DPI in PG， HSCG， LUCG and HUCG rats increased （P＜0.01）. ConclusionsCGLZ has the effect of treating NS， and the small dose is the best. CEUS combined with CDFI can be used to evaluate the renal morphology and hemodynamic changes of NS model rats before and after drug treatment， which is helpful to guide clinical application.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Guizhi Fulingwan on autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. Method:Twenty SD mice were randomized into a normal group （<italic>n</italic>=10） and a PCOS model group （<italic>n</italic>=10）， followed by PCOS modeling and <italic>in vitro</italic> culture of extracted ovarian granulosa cells. The ovarian granulosa cells of normal mice were classified into the control group and treated with 10% blank serum while those of PCOS mice into the experimental groups and with 10% Guizhi Fulingwan-containing serum at different concentrations （17.6， 35.1， 70.2 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>） and 10% metformin-containing serum （25 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， respectively， for 72 h. During the modeling， the changes in mouse body weight were measured. After modeling， the ovarian morphology was observed by microscopy， and the fasting blood glucose （FBG） was measured by Roche glucometer. Following the detection of fasting insulin （FI） and testosterone （T） levels by radioimmunoassay， the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells was determined using cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） to figure out the maximal dose of drug-containing serum that did not obviously affect the cell viability for subsequent assay. The autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells was examined by flow cytometry， and the protein expression levels of intracellular microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅰ （LC3Ⅰ）， LC3Ⅱ， Beclin1， and p62 were assayed by Western blott. Result:Compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased body weight and elevated FI， FBG， and T levels （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， indicating the successful modeling of PCOS mice. Flow cytometric assay proved that the incubation with 10% Guizhi Fulingwan serum-containing medium resulted in a decline of autophagy （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. As demonstrated by Western blot assay results， the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the model group increased significantly as compared with those of the blank group， whereas the expression level of p62 decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Guizhi Fulingwan groups exhibited significantly down-regulated Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ levels but remarkably up-regulated p62 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Guizhi Fulingwan inhibits the autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells by down-regulating the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expressions of microRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its correlation with the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells.@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with ITP (ITP group) and 15 healthy people (control group) were enrolled．Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of six miRNAs (miR-107,miR-205-5p,miR-138-5p,miR-326,miR-1827,miR-185-5p) and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood of the two groups. Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of Th1-cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ and Th2-cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by AimPlex multiple immunoassays for Flow. The expression difference of miRNAs, mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines of the two groups were compared, and the correlations of miRNAs to mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines were analyzed in ITP group.@*RESULTS@#The expressions of miRNAs（miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-326, miR-1827, miR-185-5p）and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA of the patients in ITP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with those in control, while the expressions of Th1 cells and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th1-cytokines TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.05), also for the ratios of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA and Th1/Th2 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05). The relative expressions of miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p in ITP patients were negatively correlated with Th2 cells (r=-0.411, r=-0.593, r=-0.403,P<0.05) and the relative expression of miR-1827 was negatively correlated with TNF-α (r=-0.390).@*CONCLUSION@#The relative expressions of the six miRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with ITP are significantly decreased, which result in the increasing ratio of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA, then lead to the imbalance of Th1/Th2.
Subject(s)
Humans , MicroRNAs , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , RNA, Messenger , Th1 Cells , Th2 CellsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of regulatory B cells (Breg) in pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its clinical significance.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 ITP patients and 20 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The content of Breg, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression level of IL-10,TGF-β, CD40 and CD40L was detected by AimPlex Flow High Throughput Screening Technology.@*RESULTS@#The of Breg cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (P<0.05)，the expression levels of IL-10,TGF-β and CD40L in ITP patients were also significantly lower than those in normal controls (P<0.05). The contents of Th1 cells in ITP patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P<0.05), whereas the contents of Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The Breg cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
Subject(s)
Humans , B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Th17 Cells , ThrombocytopeniaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the patients of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients with ITP were enrolled in ITP group, while 28 healthy persons were included in control group. The expressions of IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, CD40, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 were detected by flow cytometry with aimPlex multiple immunoassay Flow.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α in ITP group all were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), however the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 in ITP group all were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of CD40 was not significantly different between ITP group and control group (P>0.05). Expressions of TNF-α significantly related with platelet counts in both ITP group and control group (ITP group, r=0.64, P<0.05; control group, r=-0.41, P<0.05). However the expression of CD40, TGF-β, CD40L, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-10, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-4 significantly did not relate with platelet counts in both ITP and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The secretory imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines exists in the patients of ITP. The decrease of Plt regulated may be regulated by the abnormal expression of TNF-α.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, IdiopathicABSTRACT
Objective To learn the HIV infection status and related factors among spouses of HIV/AIDS. Methods We recruited HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2016 in Lu'an and their spouses to collect the demographic information and sexual behavior characteristics. For HIV sero-accordant spouses, we analyzed influencing factors for HIV infection by logistic regression model; while for HIV sero-discordant spouses, we followed up until December 31, 2016 and detected their HIV antibody periodically. Results The HIV infection rate of spouses was 20.35% (47/231) . Forty-five of the spouses had been infected with HIV before our investigation, with a infection rate of 19.48% (45/231) . Two of the spouses developed positive HIV antibody during the follow-up with a positive conversion rate of 0.39/100 person-years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high frequency of sexual contacts before confirmed as HIV positive (OR≥1/week= 6.268, 95%CI:2.313-16.985; OR1/half a month=3.760, 95% CI: 1.268-11.150) and diagnosis during 2011-2014 (OR=3.079, 95% CI:1.209-7.841) were the risk factors for HIV transmission between couples; under the age of 25 (OR=0.042, 95% CI:0.004-0.467) when confirmed as HIV positive and early viral load＜300 copies/mL (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.045-0.295) were protective factors. Conclusion HIV transmission of spouses is associated with frequency of sexual contacts, time of diagnosis, age when confirmed as HIV positive and early viral load.
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Objective To learn of the epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in western Anhui Province, and to provide the basis for control and prevention. Methods The pesticide poisoning report cards in western Anhui Province during 2006-2016 were collected from Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the general situation of pesticide poisoning, the distribution of three cases and the types of pesticide poisoning. Results There were totally 2993 cases with pesticide poisoning in western Anhui Province from 2006 to 2016, of which 280 cases (9.36％) were industrial poisoning and 2713 cases (90.64％) were non-industrial poisoning. The average annual incidence rate was 4.63/10000, and showed an increasing trend year by year (P<0.01) . One hundred cases died due to pesticide poisoning, and the fatality rate was 3.34％. Both the industrial and non-industrial poisoning cases were the highest in the third quarter (from July to September), accounting for 78.21％ and 28.86％ respectively. The cases of industrial poisoning were mainly distributed in 45-<55 years old group, and the non-industrial poisoning cases were mainly distributed in 35-<45 years old, accounting for 29.64％ and 20.94％ respectively. The number of cases of industrial poisoning and non-industrial poisoning was 2.33:1 and 1:1.57 respectively. The types of pesticide poisoning involve seven kinds of insecticides, fungicides and rodenticide, and organic phosphorus poisoning was accounted for 30.84％. The highest mortality rate of pesticide poisoning was bisultap (10.93％) . Conclusion The non-industrial pesticide poisoning is the main type in western Anhui Province of pesticide poisoning, and organ phosphorus insecticides are the main types of pesticide poisoning.
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This paper summarized the perioperative nursing of 23 patients with acromegaly and diabetes mellitus underwent pituitary adenoma resection via nasal transsphenoidal approach.The key points in nursing were:preoperative respiratory monitoring during sleep,psychological care,blood glucose monitoring,respiratory fitness training;postoperative individualized glycemic management,close observation of breathing and nasal congestion,differentiating diabetes insipidus and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome,close monitoring of traits of nasal exudate,to assist patients to get through the perioperative period.As a result of careful treatment and nursing,23 patients were recovered and discharged.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the reverse effect and its mechanism of tetrandrine (Tet) on human breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen (MCF-7/TAM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The drug toxicity and the reverse effect of Tet on MCF-7/TAM cells were detected by MTT assay. The effects of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) gene of Tet on MCF-7iTAM cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The changes of MRP1 protein on MCF-7JTAM cells were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tet had a significant reversal of drug resistance on MCF-7/TAM cells. The non-cytotoxic dose (0. 625 microg/mL) reversed the resistance by 2.0 folds. MRP1 was reduced at gene (P <0.05) and protein levels when Tet effected on MCF-7ITAM cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tet could reverse the drug resistance of MCF-7/TAM cells, and the reverse mechanism may be related to down-regulating MRP1 expression.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Benzylisoquinolines , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , MCF-7 Cells , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins , Metabolism , Tamoxifen , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of long-term high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on body weight and the expression of gastrointestinal hormones in diet-induced obesity rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four diet-induced obesity rat models were established by feeding fat-enriched diet, then were randomly divided into two groups by stratified sampling method by weight: the high-protein diet group (HP, 36.7% of energy from protein), and the normal chow group (NC, 22.4% of energy from protein), 12 rats in each group. The total calorie intake of each rat per day was similar and was maintained for 24 weeks, then body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting plasma ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined, as well as protein expression of ghrelin in stomach, GLP-1 in ileum were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 24 weeks, body weight of HP, NC groups were (490.92 ± 39.47) g and (545.55 ± 31.08) g, respectively (t = -3.664, P < 0.01); visceral fat mass were (22.42 ± 7.04) g and (32.33 ± 9.27) g, respectively (t = -2.503, P < 0.05); plasma ghrelin level were (2.36 ± 0.82) and (1.95 ± 0.64) ng/ml, respectively (t = 1.337, P > 0.05), and plasma ghrelin level was negatively correlated to body weight (r = -0.370, t = -1.899, P < 0.05), visceral fat mass (r = -0.454, t = -2.52, P < 0.01); plasma GLP-1 concentration were (0.52 ± 0.13) and (0.71 ± 0.19) ng/ml, respectively(t = -2.758, P < 0.05); ghrelin protein expression in stomach were 25 473 ± 8701 and 10 526 ± 6194, respectively (t = 2.501, P < 0.05); GLP-1 protein expression in ileum were 27 431 ± 5813 and 36 601 ± 5083, respectively (t = -1.833, P = 0.081).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term isocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can reduce body weight and visceral fat, increase the expression of ghrelin, and decline GLP-1 expression in diet-induced obesity rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Weight , Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted , Dietary Proteins , Gastrointestinal Hormones , Metabolism , Ghrelin , Blood , Metabolism , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 , Metabolism , Intra-Abdominal Fat , Metabolism , Obesity , Metabolism , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Valve replacement or repair is recommended in patients with tricuspid regurgitation when deterioration of their clinical status occurs as a consequence of right ventricular dysfunction. Percutaneous valve replacement was developed in recent years. To investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and long-term results of percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement, an experimental model with tricuspid regurgitation is needed. We developed a simple and reproducible percutaneous approach for the creation of tricuspid regurgitation in sheep.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A specially designed grasping forceps were used to grasp chordae tendineae or the tricuspid valve leaflets through a catheter. Transcatheter creation of tricuspid regurgitation was performed on 7 healthy sheep. These sheep were followed up shortly after the procedure and at 6th month post-procedure with echocardiography. Additionally, all the sheep were sacrificed for anatomic evaluation at 6th month after the procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Creation of tricuspid regurgitation was successfully accomplished in all sheep. Necropsy confirmed that damage was done to the tricuspid valve apparatus in all animals (tearing of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve in five animals and posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve in two animals). At the six-month follow-up, there was no significant increase in the right ventricle dimension and ejection fraction measured by echocardiography. Autopsy examinations demonstrated the tearing of tricuspid valve leaflets.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The creation of an animal model of tricuspid regurgitation via a percutaneous approach using forceps to sever one or more tricuspid leaflets is feasible and will allow investigation of devices designed replace the tricuspid valve via a percutaneous approach. Despite significant tricuspid regurgitation, the hemodynamics did not change during the follow-up period in this model.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Catheterization , Disease Models, Animal , Echocardiography , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Methods , Sheep , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Nanosilver antibiotic devices for gynecological external use are the third-class products of medical devices, whose biological safety and efficiency should be strictly controlled. But there is not yet the national standard or industry standard for the products to control the production process, so their testing method of biological evaluation mainly refers to GB/T16886 "The Guide to Implementation of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices". To control the biological safety effectively, it's necessary to work out the testing items and methods of the biological evaluation for such products.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Rabbits , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Toxicity , BALB 3T3 Cells , Equipment and Supplies , Nanostructures , Silver , Toxicity , Toxicity Tests , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was designed to examine the in vitro effects of fenvalerate on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression level in rat granulosa cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using primary cultured rat granulosa cells (rGCs) as model, fenvalerate of various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 625 micromol/L) was added to the medium for 24 h. In some cases, optimal concentrations of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (25 micromol/L), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, 2 mg/L), or 8-Bromo-cAMP (1 mmol/L) were provided. Concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol(E2) and progesterone (P4) in the medium from the same culture wells were measured by RIA and the steroidogenic enzyme mRNA level was quantified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fenvalerate decreased both P4 and E2 production in a dose-dependent manner while it could significantly stimulate rGCs proliferation. This inhibition was stronger in the presence of FSH. Furthermore, it could not be reversed by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol or 8-Bromo-cAMP. RT-PCR revealed that fenvalerate had no significant effect on 3 beta-HSD, but could increase the P450scc mRNA level. In addition, 17 beta-HSD mRNA level was dramatically reduced with the increase of fenvalerate dose after 24 h treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fenvalerate inhibits both P4 and E2 production in rGCs. These results support the view that fenvalerate is considered as a kind of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The mechanism of its disruption may involve the effects on steroidogenesis signaling cascades and/or steroidogenic enzyme's activity.</p>